Elements Involved in Sufi Practice

or '... one way to slice the pie.'
by Murshid Wali Ali Meyer
(circa 1991)

At a recent Jamiat  (gathering of Sufi teachers, or teachers and students) in San Francisco, and later at a mureeds'  (initiated students) meeting in Kansas City, I made use of an outline on the main components of Sufi practice, as I see it, according to the teachings of Pir-o-Murshid Inayat Khan and Sufi Ahmed Murad Chisti (Samuel L. Lewis). My purpose in presenting this overview was to help disciples to see just how varied these components are, and how much more than just a set period each day for practice is involved. In fact, a person who never sat down to do "daily practices" could be an adept at many of the most essential realizations of the Sufi path

So many people asked for copies of my little outline, which after all is just one way to slice the pie, that it seemed reasonable for me to publish it with a few explanatory notes under each heading. I hope it will be a useful tool to help you get a perspective on areas of strength, and areas for further development in your own spiritual practice. I want to thank Zarifah Demcho-Wagor who sent me a nice packet of notes from my initial presentation to the Jamiat.

 

I. Psychological Healing

As Hazrat Inayat Khan says in no uncertain terms in The Inner Life, a person needs to be whole to take the journey. The point of this is to get your basic self in tune with your higher self. We are talking here about wounded psyches, fractured consciousness and dysfunction. Without addressing these issues, a person can become quite advanced in many ways, and yet at a certain point find it necessary to self-destruct because she/he has not made a true accommodation in her/himself to sustain realization. Many of us started on the path even sneering at the psychological aspect of things, but had to go back to do such things as address our inner child, align the three selves, do a 12 step program, or some form of individual or group therapy. Samuel L. Lewis was no exception here.

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II. Prayer
Opening the self for the action of God in your life -
ongoing communication and realization

There are different types of prayer. What is meant by prayer in this general sense includes far more than repeating certain established phrases aloud. Some of the things prayer would include as a category of Sufi practice are: the central experience of thanksgiving, ritualized movements accompanying words, a practice of contemplation of phrases from Hazrat Inayat Khan's prayers, an opportunity for devotion, the opening of an ongoing inner colloquy or dialogue with the Friend. (see Hazrat Inayat Khan's The Unity of Religious Ideals)

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III. Concentration

This key element can be simply described as the ability to maintain a steady focus on the object of concentration and ultimately to gain the secret of that object and to merge with it. Sufis teach the development of this faculty through the awakening of interest, feeling, and love for the object. Concentration practice is equivalent to practicing musical scales in the elementary stages. It is a building block for attainment of all kinds. For example, the ability to maintain one's purpose as a disciple on the spiritual path or to sustain a meditation. depends upon concentration. Some elements of Sufi concentration practice are: holding simple images and symbols, maintaining steadiness of interest with eyes open and with eyes closed, moving from the dot to large fields of concentration, doing imaginatively enhanced concentrations. (see the Githas: Murakkaba Series )

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IV. Vision

A most essential component is the development of intuition. Put another way, it is the ability to seek guidance and to recognize it when it comes. What is the inner voice "which constantly cometh from within"? Hazrat Inayat Khan says that when power leads and vision follows the waters of life are muddied and our enterprise fails but when vision leads and power follows our success is assured. Many Sufi practices are given to encourage the development of this faculty. (see Murshid Samuel Lewis' commentaries on the Gathas: Kashf Series)

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V. Wazifa practice
Working with the Divine Attributes

The qualities of God can be evoked and seen through the repetition of Wazifas (the Divine Names and Attributes) aloud, in thought, and simply holding the quality itself up to the view of consciousness. Initiators and dance leaders must learn how to use wazifas as a psychological prescription to meet the needs of an individual or a group. We must learn to recognize divine attributes in nature, to recognize their function in ourselves and in others.

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VI. Zikr practice
Working with the Divine Essence

This is part of coming to an understanding of the Absolute nature of God. Part of this process is recitation of the Zikr (divine remembrance)-chanted, sung, in groups, alone, in thought, in pure contemplation. Sufis become continuous practitioners of Zikr. We learn the different stages and forms of the Zikr as well.

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VII. Breath Practice

This is another vast subject in the inner science of Sufi Ryazat (esoteric practice). Briefly, a few of the elements contained in this area are: the Healing Breaths, forms of kasab, shaghal, and amal, learning the difference between refined and coarse breathing and how that affects things, as well as the difference between a breath which emphasizes right or left nostril, inhalation or exhalation. We learn breath as darood for walk, as an aid for various physical and mental activities, as an aid for vision, as a doorway for deep meditation, as a source of prana (life force), as an oracle. (see Murshid Samuel Lewis's' commentaries on the Gathas: Pasi Anfas Series)

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VIII. Contemplation

As distinct from Concentration, where the individual focuses on and ultimately merges with an object, Contemplation is a technique by which the practitioner experiences her/himself as absorbed in a greater reality and as part of the functioning of that greater reality. In other words, for example, you don't experience yourself as a person feeling compassion, you experience yourself as a part of the great ocean of Compassion. Advanced heart contemplations such as Mushahida (the great witnessing) are among the most important practices recommended by Murshid Samuel L. Lewis.

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IX. Study

This is not to be ignored. We are asked to study the world scriptures, the esoteric teachings of Hazrat Inayat Khan, Murshid SAM's commentaries, the enlightened beings, etc. There should be some process of study, though the amount will vary with the personality and learning style of the mureed. The Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) said to seek knowledge even unto China.

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X. Love

Mevlana Jelal-ed-din Rumi says several times in his Masnavi "when I came to write the word love my pencil broke." The realization of this may be the single most distinctive mark of the true Sufi. Friendship. compassion, mercy-how these function. How can we truly develop the love quality? How does it become the instrument for the transmission of blessing as in the Dances of Universal Peace, for example? Love is the secret of support for all assemblies of spiritual seekers. We find God as nearest friend, as guest, as lover.

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XI. Light

This is developed through contemplation and meditation on the nature of light. We ultimately learn to use Light as a vehicle of spiritual transmission and realization. An example of this is through the use of the Glance, as in the Sufi Tawajjeh (sharing atmosphere, magnetism, and a spiritual state through the eyes and the breath) or the Darshan.

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XII. Tassawuri
Working with Attunement

This is another giant subject. It includes learning to attune to the great beings through the development of fana (self-effacement), learning how to accommodate their atmosphere within your atmosphere thereby giving you an enhanced field of operation. We say "united with all the illuminated souls" when we express our basic orientation with the recitation of the Sufi Invocation. In addition to the processes of fana-fi-sheikh, fana-fi-rasoul, and fana-fi-lillah (effacement in the being of the living, personal teacher, in the being of a World Teacher, in the being of Allah), part of this subject refers to the development of attunement in all aspects of life. The self learns through practicing a kind of focused emptiness, yet one finds a self in the midst of attunement. Fana does not mean becoming mindless. For example, if we "put on the mind of Christ" as Murshid SAM encourages us to do, this is hardly becoming mindless.

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XIII. Baka

Baka, which is sometimes called self-realization, is an ultimate stage which is pretty much beyond description. When this arises, you discover that you are God, your action is the action of God. Beyond attunement, is Being. But the ego is easily confused and intoxicated. One does not need to trouble oneself over the development of this stage. It is a Grace.

If we have tremendous resistance to undertaking spiritual practice, we must innocently seek to view our basic intentions. Perhaps psychological healing is called for. Spiritual practice is essentially an opportunity to cultivate. It is not a heavy duty or obligation; neither is it a business arrangement where God gives you something you want, in return for your efforts. You are here to cultivate this quality of attunement or of concentration, or whatever, because that is what life is all about. It is the legacy of being incarnated as a human being, to be able to develop God's nature, and to find our inheritance, to dig deep and discover it. We could look upon it as an adventure, as a process of discovery, not as a bitter pill. This was certainly Murshid SAM's attitude. He also recommended that people read, in this regard, Walt Whitman's Pioneers, 0 Pioneers.

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